Choose one of the joints in the human body and examine its anatomy in detail. Discuss how the skeletal features of the joint relate to its type of movement or lack of movement. Demonstrate your comprehension of the assigned readings by correctly defining and using at least 3 physiological terms related to the functional organization of the joint system of humans. Do not present material that you have already presented in the discussion board.
Written Assignment should be 3-4 pages, not including title or reference pages. The paper should include 1-2 strong arguments supported by this week’s readings. Please make sure your assignment is double-spaced using Times New Roman, 12-point font, and 1” margins. Be sure to cite any references in APA Format. You can get assistance with APA formatting at: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Papers will be assessed using the following criteria:
- Clearly describe the anatomy of the joint and how it relates to movement
- Use at least 3 physiological terms correctly in the description
- There was a clear and sound introduction to the topic, and an overview of the arguments used
- There was a final paragraph dedicated to a clear and summative conclusion
- Paper is 3-4 pages in length, not including the title and reference pages
- All references cited in APA format, with a source list
- Paper professionally written without spelling or grammar errors
INTRODUCTION
A pianist's fingers move, and you hear a beautiful melody. You try to catch his finger movements, but the movement is too fast to keep up. His fingers move extremely smoothly and cannot be imitated by any machine. I will examine phalangeal joints in detail, and explain how the skeletal features of the joint relate to its type of movement or lack of movement with physiological terms related to the functional organization of the joint system of humans in this written assignment.
I will describe some kinds of phalangeal joints first.
(Sclabassi, n.d.)
Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)
"The DIP joint in the finger is located at the tip of the finger, just before the finger nail starts" (The American Society for Surgery of the Hand, n.d., para.2). Except for the thumb, all fingers have DIP. DIP can move along one axis and bend or straighten fingers, but can not rotate.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)
"The PIP joint is the first joint of the finger and is located between the first two bones of the finger" (The American Society for Surgery of the Hand, n.d., para.2). Except for the thumb, all fingers have PIP. PIP can move along one axis and bend or straighten fingers, but can not rotate.
Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP)
"The MP joint is where the hand bone called the metacarpal meets the finger bones called the phalanges," MCP can rotate not only bend but also straighten (The American Society for Surgery of the Hand, n.d, para.2).
Interphalangeal Joint (IP)
The IP joint in the thumb is located at the tip of the finger just before the fingernail starts and enables us to catch or pinch many things (The American Society for Surgery of the Hand, n.d.). IP can move along one axis and bend or straighten the thumb but can not rotate.
Explanation of Physiological Terms
Synovial joints
All phalange joints are classified as synovial joints. Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body, and bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, the joint cavity (between bones) is fluid-filled (OpenStax, 2018). The articular cartilages which cover the entire articulating surface of each bone protect those from friction, and the cells of this membrane secrete synovial fluids which make joints able to move smoothly and delicately (OpenStax, 2018). "The six types of synovial joints are pivot, hinge, condyloid, saddle, plane, and ball-and socket-joints" (OpenStax, 2018, chap.9), and phalangeal joints are classified as condyloid joints.
(OpenStax, 2018)
Condyloid joint
The condyloid joint has a shallow depression at the end of one bone and a rounded structure from an adjacent bone and bone (OpenStax, 2018). "Condyloid joints are biaxial joints that allow for two planes of movement" and those joints make it possible to bend or straighten our fingers (OpenStax, 2018, chap.9).
A biaxial joint
A biaxial joint enables motions within two planes; fingers can move along one axis and bend or straighten (OpenStax, 2018). All phalangeal joints are classified as biaxial joints.
Abduction, Adduction, Rotation
Abduction, adduction, and rotation refer to types of body movement seen in joints. In the case of phalangeal joints, adduction refers to bending the fingers, and abduction refers to spreading the fingers apart (OpenStax, 2018). Abduction and adduction are able in DIP, PIP, IP, and MCP. DIP, PIP, and IP can not be rotated, but MCP enables rotating fingers in a circle.
The articular cartilages
Rheumatoid arthritis is a disorder caused by joint cavities. When rheumatoid arthritis develops, inflammation occurs in the articular cartilages (synovial membrane), which cover the entire articulating surface of each bone, and the synovial joint swells due to the thickening of the synovial membrane and the accumulation of synovial fluid containing inflammatory cells (McInnes & Schett, 2011). The inflammatory synovium proliferates, stretching the joint capsule and ligaments, and the inflammatory granulation tissue (pannus) destroys the joint (McInnes & Schett, 2011). As a result, the joints become deformed, their movement worsens, and they become stiff or, on the contrary, move wobbly in the direction they should not.
(Musculoskeletal Australia, 2022)
CONCLUSION
Phalangeal joints are synovial joints that can move smoothly and delicately due to their articular cartilages and synovial fluids. Phalangeal joints are classified as condyloid joints, which consist of a shallow depression at the end of one bone and a rounded structure from an adjacent bone and bone. In the case of phalangeal joints, adduction refers to bending the fingers, and abduction refers to spreading the fingers apart, and rotation refers to rotating fingers in a circle.
Thank you for reading!! (754 words)
References
McInnes, I. B., & Schett, G. (2011). The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. New England Journal of Medicine, 365(23), 2205-2219. Retrieved from http://www.dbbs.wustl.edu/curstudents/Documents/Markey/RA-pathogenesis.pdf
OpenStax. (2018). Anatomy & physiology. Houston, TX: Rice University. Retrieved from https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@12.6:fEI3C8Ot@16/Preface.
Sclabassi, R. J. (n.d.). Joints of the thumb and the index finger. this picture is adapted from.(Image) Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Joints-of-the-thumb-and-the-index-finger-This-picture-is-adapted-from_fig4_23953710
The American Society for Surgery of the Hand. (n.d.). Joints. Retrieved from https://www.assh.org/handcare/safety/joints
Musculoskeletal Australia. (2022). Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis. (Image) Retrieved from https://msk.org.au/rheumatoid-arthritis/
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