Seek and Find
Your Discussion should be 3-4 paragraphs in length, detailing your thoughts and position using 2-3 readings references for support. Also be sure to pose 1-2 well thought out questions from which your colleagues can formulate a response or generate further discussion.
Choose and research four (4) infectious diseases. Try to achieve a variety in your own selections as well as diseases unique from what your classmates have already posted. For your research please use only well-known, reputable sources.
- In one discussion post that has four sections, create a brief description or summary of each of your four diseases. The word count for each disease should be approximately 100 words. The content of your summaries should include the etiology, mode of transmission, target host, or any other pertinent details about each disease that makes them unique. The summaries may be short, but they should be complete and include any essential or notable facts about the diseases.
- At the end of each summary include a question about the disease that would prompt your colleagues to visit your references and find the answer. They will have the opportunity to go into more detail about the topics in their discussion replies.
In your replies to this discussion, answer at least one of the four questions posed by your classmate in their initial discussion post. You will visit the resources listed in their reference list to answer and expand on that aspect of the pathogen or the disease it causes. Be sure to use APA formatted in-text citations and the references within your post.
Resources to get you started
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/
CDC MMWR Index
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2015.html
CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal
http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/
Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy
http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/
Food Poisoning Related Diseases & Conditions
http://www.medicinenet.com/food_poisoning/related-conditions/index.htm
1. Chickenpox
Chickenpox is caused by the herpesviral family's varicella-zoster virus (VZV) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The virus usually invades through the airway mucosa and develops after multiplication in the nasopharyngeal entry site and lymph nodes. Modes of transmission include contact infection by touching the affected area, droplet infection and airborne infection in which the patient is infected through sneezing or coughing, and mother-to-child transmission. Symptoms of chickenpox include a rash all over the body and 250–500 itchy blisters (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021). The best way to prevent chickenpox is to get the varicella vaccine, which significantly reduces the rate of VZV infection and reduces symptoms if we get it.
2. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is an infectious disease whose main symptom is blister-like rashes that appear mainly in the mouth, hands, and feet which is caused by viruses belonging to nonpolio enteroviruses, such as coxsackievirus 16 and enterovirus 71 (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022). The routes of infection include droplet and airborne infection, in which the virus in the patient's nasal secretions and saliva is inhaled, and contact infection through contact with the virus contained in blisters. The only symptoms are usually a rash and fever, but in rare cases, the causative virus can invade the brain and cause serious complications such as viral meningitis or encephalitis (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022).
3. Mumps
The etiology of mumps is the mumps virus, which proliferates in the mucous membranes of the nose and throat and in the lymph nodes of the neck and spreads throughout the body through blood. Common symptoms are swelling, pain, and fever in the parotid and submandibular glands, but in rare cases, complications such as aseptic meningitis, pancreatitis, mumps deafness, orchitis, or oophoritis can occur (NHS, 2021). The route of infection is droplet infection by inhaling the virus in a patient's coughs and sneezes and contact infection by touching the mouth or nose with a hand with the virus on it. Combined MMR vaccine for mumps, measles, and rubella reduces infection rates and symptoms of mumps (NHS, 2021).
4. Group A streptococcal pharyngitis (GAS disease)
Group A streptococcal pharyngitis is an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, which infects and multiplies the upper respiratory tract. The main routes of infection are droplet infection by inhaling the bacteria in the droplets of the patient's coughs and sneezes or contact infection by touching the mouth or nose with a hand with bacteria on it. Common symptoms are fever, sore throat, vomiting, and other common cold-like symptoms. Still, if the bacteria invade the blood, deep muscles, fat tissue, or parts of the body such as the lungs, "necrotizing fasciitis (infection of muscle and fat tissue) and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (a rapidly progressing infection causing low blood pressure/shock and injury to organs such as the kidneys, liver, and lungs)" are caused; and "approximately 20 percent of patients with necrotizing fasciitis and 60 percent with STSS die" (New York States Department of Health, 2011, para.3).
Question
The four infectious diseases I introduced are very major infectious diseases in Japan. Are those common also in your country?
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). About Chickenpox. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/about/prevention-treatment.html
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022). Hand-foot-and-mouth disease. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hand-foot-and-mouth-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353035
New York States Department of Health. (2011). Streptococcal Infections (invasive group A strep, GAS). Retrieved from https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/streptococcal/group_a/fact_sheet.htm#:~:text=What%20is%20group%20A%20Streptococcus,as%20strep%20throat%20and%20impetigo.
NHS. (2021). Mumps. NHS choices. Retrieved from https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/mumps/
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