Assess how the enteric nervous system supports the digestive system. What might occur that could result in the autonomic nervous system having a negative impact on digestion? Demonstrate your understanding of the material presented in Chapter 23 by correctly defining and using at least 4 anatomic and/or physiologic terms related to the structural and/or functional organization of the human digestive system as related to the clinical scenario you introduce to your readers.
Your discussion must be at least 250 words in length, detailing your thoughts and position using 2 references from the readings for support. Also be sure to pose 1-2 well thought out questions from which your colleagues can formulate a response or generate further discussion. Be sure to cite any references using APA format.
1. Assess how the enteric nervous system supports the digestive system.
The intrinsic nervous system, which consists of two parts, the Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus) and the Auerbach's plexus (myenteric plexus), enables the motility and glandular secretion of the gastrointestinal tract (OpenStax, 2018).
The Meissner's plexus contains intrinsic sensory neurons (IPANs) that sense stimuli applied to the walls of the gastrointestinal tract (Loukopoulou, 2022). The nerve endings of IPANs also play the role of receptors, connecting to motor neurons via interneurons of the Auerbach plexus and controlling gastrointestinal motility in an excitatory and inhibitory manner independently of autonomic nerves.
The Auerbach plexus is a motor plexus that controls muscle movement and contains excitatory motor neurons, inhibitory neurons, and interneurons. Interneurons communicated by preganglionic fibers extending from parasympathetic nerve cell bodies in the brainstem act as parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, causing contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle (Satoh & Shirai, 1991). Interneurons are also connected to the intrinsic sensory neurons of the Meissner's plexus. When endogenous sensory neurons of the Meissner's plexus sense physical and chemical stimuli of the intestinal contents, they excite and inhibit gastrointestinal motility via interneurons (Satoh & Shirai, 1991).
2. What might occur that could result in the autonomic nervous system having a negative impact on digestion?
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs when dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the midbrain are destroyed, resulting in decreased dopamine production. As a result of the lack of dopamine, adenosine becomes dominant and overexcites the nervous system, resulting in various movement disorders. The most common autonomic problems in PD are gastrointestinal motility disorders such as chronic dysphagia, heavy stomach due to gastric emptying disorders, and constipation (Norcliffe-Kaufmann & Kaufmann, 2010).
Hirschsprung's disease is a disease in which parasympathetic nerve proper ganglion cells are absent in both the Meissner's and Auerbach's plexuses of the hindgut, resulting in gastrointestinal motility in that range and intestinal obstruction (Montgomery, 2004).
anatomic and/or physiologic terms
the Meissner's plexus, submucosal plexus, the Auerbach's plexus, myenteric plexus, intrinsic sensory neurons, interneurons, parasympathetic postganglionic fibers, parasympathetic nerve, Parkinson's disease (PD), Hirschsprung's disease
Question:
Are stress and digestive symptoms related? What do you think? Please share your experience.
Thank you, guys!! Have a nice day:) (354 words)
References
Loukopoulou, C. (2022). Submucosal plexus (meissner plexus). Kenhub. Retrieved from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/submucosal-plexus-meissner-plexus
Norcliffe-Kaufmann, L. & Kaufmann, H. (2010). Auerbach's Plexus. Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders 2010. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/auerbachs-plexus
Montgomery, R. K. (2004). Large Intestine, Development Encyclopedia of Movement Disorders 2004. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/veterinary-science-and-veterinary-medicine/auerbachs-plexus
OpenStax. (2018). Anatomy & physiology. Houston, TX: Rice University. Retrieved from https://cnx.org/contents/FPtK1zmh@12.6:fEI3C8Ot@16/Preface.
Satoh, K., & Shirai, T. (1991). Synaptic Connections of Extrinsic Nerve Fibers in the Myenteric Plexus of the Rat Duodenum. Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn., 68(1): 15-24. Retrieved from https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ofaj1936/68/1/68_15/_pdf
450 words
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